Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al Maliki called Wednesday for support from neighboring countries in his government's struggle against Islamist insurgents, saying the formation of an Islamic caliphate in much of Iraq and Syria threatens the entire region.
The declaration of the caliphate by the radical terrorist group Islamic State and the call by its leader, Abu Bakr al Baghdadi, for Muslims the world over to join it in a holy war puts every nation in the region "within a red circle," Maliki said.
The prime minister's message appeared to be an appeal not just to Iraqi Sunni Muslims, some of whom have openly supported the Islamic State's offensive in Iraq, but also to countries such as Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, which have openly opposed assistance to the Shiite Muslim-led Iraqi government.
He urged politicians in his own country to come together to pick a new government. On Tuesday, Iraq's parliament failed to select a new speaker after Sunni Arab and Kurdish members stormed out a few minutes into the opening session. Maliki described the failure to form a government as a "state of weakness."
"God willing, in the next session we will overcome it with cooperation and agreement and openness," he said. The parliament is scheduled to convene again next week.
Maliki, a Shiite nationalist, has so far resisted rather broad calls to either form a national unity government quickly or step aside for a new leader, amid claims by allies and foes alike that his policies toward Iraq's Sunni minority had led many of the country's tribes to join the Islamic State rebellion.
Maliki also addressed on Wednesday growing division with Iraq's Kurds, whose Kurdistan Regional Government is largely autonomous but remains part of the country. As the Iraqi army collapsed last month before the Islamic State's onslaught, the Kurds expanded their control to the disputed oil-rich city of Kirkuk. Kurdish President Massoud Barzani also has said he'll hold a referendum on independence.
Maliki noted that the Iraqi Constitution allows for a federal system but contains no provisions for such a move to independence. He angrily charged that the Kurds were "trying to take advantage of the situation" with their occupation of Kirkuk, and he described the situation as unresolved.
The remarks didn't appear to concern many Kurds.
"Do you see a single Iraqi flag anywhere in Kurdistan?" Behwan Yasin asked as he shopped with his family in one of Irbil's upscale malls.
"We're finished with the dysfunction of the Arabs," Yasin said. "We just want to build our lives and nation; Baghdad only wants to destroy."
Maliki said it was still possible for the Sunni Arab tribes that had allied with the Islamic State to rejoin the country's political life.
"They should return to their senses. We are not excluding anybody, even those who committed misdeeds _ apart from those who killed or shed blood," he said. "I welcome them to return and stand with the other tribes that have taken up arms."
It was unlikely that Maliki's call for support from his neighbors would be greeted positively. With the exception of Iran, which like Iraq is ruled by Shiites, and Syria, where the Shiite-linked Alawite sect holds sway, Maliki's neighbors are ruled by Sunni monarchies, and they've bitterly opposed his leadership. Even Baghdadi's Ramadan message, in which he singled out Sham _an Arabic geographic term that would include Lebanon and Jordan _ and Egypt from the Arabian Peninsula as regimes that oppress Muslims, was unlikely to rally those countries to Maliki's side.
Meanwhile, the Iraqi government appears to have made at best only slow progress in turning back the Islamic State's lightening-fast offensive, in which its forces seized control of Mosul, the country's second largest city, on June 10 and advanced to within an hour's drive of Baghdad over the next week. A government effort to reclaim the rebel-held city of Tikrit continued Wednesday for a fifth day, and there was no sign that the army was close to relieving the besieged garrison at Iraq's largest oil refinery, in Baiji, which remains offline and partially in rebel control.
The Defense Ministry released a daily tabulation of military operations, which said the air force had begun to operate jets either purchased from Russia or loaned by Iran. It said the air force had flown 121 sorties over Tikrit, battlefields south of Baghdad and the western province of Anbar.
The ministry said "all pilots flying helicopters and fighter jets are Iraqi," countering reports that Russian pilots had been brought in. It also said the Islamic State fighters who'd been killed in combat with Iraqi troops were carrying identification papers that showed they were "Yemeni, Tunisian, Azerbaijani and European."
By Mitchell Prothero
McClatchy Foreign Staff